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Elephantiasis歌词

[00:00.10]From VOA Learning English,
[00:03.25]this is the Health Report.
[00:05.29]Scientists are working on ways to
[00:09.22]stop a disease
[00:11.06]that threatens one-fifth of the world's population.
[00:15.05]Over 120 million people
[00:19.53]are infected with lymphatic filariasis,
[00:23.46]also known as elephantiasis.
[00:27.06]The disease is found mainly in Southeast Asia and Africa.
[00:33.24]It effects the lymphatic system
[00:37.13]which is a major part
[00:39.37]of the body's natural defense for fighting disease.
[00:44.00]Elephantiasis can cause swelling
[00:48.50]or enlargement of skin and tissue.
[00:52.33]The cause is a tiny worm
[00:56.26]that enters and lives in lymphatic tubes
[01:00.15]for six to eight years.
[01:02.59]Scientists say
[01:05.03]they have been able to demonstrate
[01:07.87]that the most common cause of elephantiasis
[01:11.91]can be stopped.
[01:13.50]They are urging those at risk
[01:16.98]to sleep under nets
[01:19.47]treated with chemicals
[01:21.06]that kill a common insect - the mosquitoes.
[01:25.20]Lisa Reimer teaches at the Liverpool School
[01:29.93]of Tropical Medicine.
[01:31.87]She formerly served in Papua New Guinea,
[01:35.86]as part of the team studying the disease.
[01:40.29]The team involved researchers from Papua New Guinea,
[01:44.93]Britain, Australia and the United States.
[01:49.46]Doctor Reimer says
[01:52.31]she was surprised at how effective
[01:56.14]anti-malaria bed nets covered with insecticide
[02:00.07]could be at fighting the disease.
[02:03.07]"Filariasis is only picked up
[02:04.96]by mosquitoes late in the evening,
[02:06.70]so this is the time
[02:08.34]when people are more likely to be protected
[02:10.03]by their bed nets.
[02:11.03]So we found that bed net use actually
[02:12.53]is a greater barrier against
[02:14.02]filariasis transmission
[02:15.32]whereas malaria transmission may still be occurring
[02:17.36]outside the times when the user is under the net."
[02:20.14]Doctors normally use drugs to fight the disease.
[02:24.04]Ms Reimer says doctors in Papua New Guinea
[02:29.16]gave the drugs to people of five villages.
[02:33.44]She says this treatment nearly ended
[02:37.87]the threat from the worm to humans,
[02:41.07]but the drugs didn't stop the threat from mosquitoes.
[02:45.99]The treated nets
[02:48.63]block female mosquitoes from securing blood,
[02:52.62]which is necessary for them to reproduce.
[02:56.65]The insecticide also cuts the life of the insects in half.
[03:02.78]"If we can reduce mosquito-biting rates
[03:05.47]then we're able to increase the thresholds
[03:08.41]below which the disease prevalence will move to zero.
[03:11.95]So by controlling mosquitoes we're making the targets
[03:15.51]for the mass drug administration more obtainable."
[03:17.86]The World Health Organization (WHO) has
[03:20.30]set a goal of stopping lymphatic filariasis
[03:24.93]as a public health problem by the year 2020.
[03:29.71]The WHO estimates that 1.4 billion people
[03:35.89]in 73 countries are at risk of the disease.
[03:40.36]Children are often infected,
[03:43.81]but they do not show signs of the disease
[03:46.99]until later in life.
[03:49.08]And that's the Health Report from VOA Learning English.
[03:55.25]I'm Bob Doughty.
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